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Medicina (B.Aires) ; 79(4): 287-290, ago. 2019. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1040524

ABSTRACT

La histoplasmosis y la leishmaniasis son enfermedades olvidadas, endémicas en Argentina, y generalmente se asocian a inmunocompromiso. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 16 años, inmunocompetente, con histoplasmosis del sistema nervioso central y leishmaniasis cutánea. Inicialmente, el paciente presentó una lesión en la pierna de un mes de evolución seguida de paraparesia leve, diagnosticada como un proceso de desmielinización mediante estudios de imágenes. El cuadro fue tratado con altas dosis de corticoides y en 72 horas evolucionó a paraparesia grave con lesiones nodulares en las vértebras cervicales, observadas en las imágenes de resonancia magnética nuclear. Se aisló Histoplasma capsulatum de líquido cefalorraquídeo, genotípicamente identificado como perteneciente a la especie filogenética LamB. El paciente recibió tratamiento intravenoso con anfotericina B deoxicolato durante 30 días y posteriormente fluconazol e itraconazol oral durante un año. A los tres meses de iniciado el tratamiento con antifúngicos se reactivó la lesión de la pierna y en el examen directo se observaron amastigotes de Leishmania. La leishmaniasis cutánea fue tratada con antimoniato de meglumina intramuscular. La respuesta clínica al tratamiento de ambas enfermedades fue favorable.


Histoplasmosis and leishmaniasis are neglected and endemic diseases in Argentina, and generally are found associated with immunosuppression. We report the case of an immunocompetent 16-years-old man with simultaneous occurrence of central nervous system histoplasmosis and cutaneous leishmaniasis. Upon admission, the patient showed a one-month old skin lesion in a leg and mild paraparesis. Imaging studies detected thickening and edema in the spinal cord and the cerebrospinal fluid analysis was within normal range. The case was diagnosed as a demyelinating disorder and treated with high-dose short-term steroids. Seventy-two hours later the patient showed severe paraparesis and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging revealed nodular lesions in the spinal cord. Histoplasma capsulatum belonging to the phylogenetic species LamB was isolated from cerebrospinal fluid samples. The patient received intravenous antifungal therapy with amphotericin B for 30 days, followed by oral fluconazole and itraconazole for one year. Three months after initiation of antifungal treatment, the cutaneous lesion recrudesced and Leishmania amastigotes were observed on microscopic examination. The cutaneous leishmaniasis was treated with intramuscular meglumine antimoniate. The patient´s outcome was favorable after treatment for both diseases.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/complications , Central Nervous System Fungal Infections/complications , Histoplasmosis/complications , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/diagnosis , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/drug therapy , Central Nervous System Fungal Infections/diagnosis , Central Nervous System Fungal Infections/drug therapy , Histoplasmosis/diagnosis , Histoplasmosis/drug therapy , Immunocompetence , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Antifungal Agents/administration & dosage
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